{"id":3881,"date":"2023-11-22T17:58:41","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T16:58:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/?p=3881"},"modified":"2025-02-18T12:01:23","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T11:01:23","slug":"cementita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/cementita\/","title":{"rendered":"CEMENTITA"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Header” _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#000000″ background_image=”https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cementita-1-scaled.jpg” locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” custom_padding=”5vh||5vh||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.17.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”c16985e1-e0d6-4022-964d-e2bfc04fa633″ text_font=”Abel|700|||||||” text_text_color=”#E02B20″ text_font_size=”26px” header_font=”|800|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font_size=”42px” header_line_height=”1.2em” header_2_text_align=”center” header_2_text_color=”#FFFFFF” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||21px|||” header_font_size_tablet=”40px” header_font_size_phone=”24px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” text_text_shadow_style=”preset3″ text_text_shadow_color=”#000000″ header_text_shadow_style=”preset4″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”0.08em” header_text_shadow_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

BLOG DEL LABORATORIO DE FORJA<\/strong><\/h1>\n

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CEMENTITA<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”25px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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LA CEMENTITA ES EL COMPONENTE M\u00c1S DURO DE LOS ACEROS AL CARBONO.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Es un compuesto intermet\u00e1lico. No es una soluci\u00f3n solida de carbono en el Hierro, como la Ferrita o la Austenita.<\/p>\n

El hierro puro admite muy poco carbono, cantidades casi nulas.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>La FERRITA<\/span> es la soluci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida del carbono dentro de la estructura cristalina del hierro puro.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La estructura cristalina del hierro puro hasta los 912\u00baC es el hierro alfa.\u00a0 El hierro alfa apenas admite carbono, s\u00f3lo 20 ppm (partes por mill\u00f3n) a 20\u00baC.<\/p>\n

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Cada \u00e1tomo de carbono que no solubiliza la ferrita forma un\u00a0<\/span>CARBURO DE HIERRO O CEMENTITA<\/strong>\u00a0(Fe3C).<\/strong> Su cristalograf\u00eda ortorr\u00f3mbica es un poco m\u00e1s compleja, con 12 \u00e1tomos de hierro y cuatro de carbono por celda elemental.<\/p>\n

Lo m\u00e1s importante es su gran dureza por encima de los 68 HRC y su car\u00e1cter fr\u00e1gil.<\/b><\/p>\n

La cementita puede encontrarse formando diferentes microestructuras dependiendo del porcentaje de carbono del acero.<\/p>\n

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1)<\/strong>\u00a0Cementita formando\u00a0PERLITA\u00a0en un acero de bajo porcentaje de carbono.\u00a02)<\/strong> Matriz de PERLITA mas CEMENTITA en el l\u00edmite de grano en un acero de alto porcentaje de carbono.\u00a0c)<\/strong> Matriz de CEMENTITA con gl\u00f3bulos\u00a0de PERLITA\u00a0en una fundici\u00f3n.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Inicialmente cuando el porcentaje de carbono es bajo, la CEMENTITA comienza aparecer en los l\u00edmites de grano combinado con la FERRITA en forma de l\u00e1minas alternas (PERLITA). Si vamos aumentando el porcentaje de carbono de nuestra aleaci\u00f3n, empiezan a formarse m\u00e1s granos de PERLITA, hasta el 0.77% de carbono, donde todo es PERLITA<\/span>. Seg\u00fan vamos a\u00f1adiendo carbono contin\u00faa apareciendo CEMENTITA (Fe3C) en los l\u00edmites de grano, y su concentraci\u00f3n va aumentando, reduci\u00e9ndose la concentraci\u00f3n de PERLITA<\/span>, quedando la PERLITA\u00a0<\/span>sobre una matriz de CEMENTITA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9sta es la principal raz\u00f3n por la que el acero cuanto m\u00e1s carbono, m\u00e1s duro y mas resistencia mec\u00e1nica posee, aunque aumenta tambi\u00e9n su fragilidad.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La CEMENTITA es el componente mas duro de los aceros. 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