{"id":3889,"date":"2023-11-22T18:10:13","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T17:10:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/?p=3889"},"modified":"2025-02-18T12:02:46","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T11:02:46","slug":"austenita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/","title":{"rendered":"AUSTENITA"},"content":{"rendered":"

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BLOG DEL LABORATORIO DE FORJA<\/strong><\/h1>\n

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AUSTENITA<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”20px||45px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” background_layout=”dark” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

<\/h1>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

La AUSTENIZACION DEL ACERO es muy importante en muchos de los tratamientos t\u00e9rmicos.<\/b><\/p>\n

Llamamos AUSTENITA a la soluci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida del carbono (C) en el\u00a0<\/span>hierro gamma (\u03b3). Estando el carbono en el interior de la estructura cristalina del hierro y homogeneiz\u00e1ndose en toda su estructura.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hemos comentado que\u00a0<\/span>el hierro no es capaz de solubilizar el carbono a temperatura ambiente<\/strong>. En cambio,\u00a0<\/span>cuando lo calentamos, se transforma en una estructura cristalina que s\u00ed es capaz a solubilizar el carbono<\/strong>. Ahora s\u00ed, el carbono cabe en los huecos que hay entre los \u00e1tomos de hierro formando una soluci\u00f3n solida de inserci\u00f3n, homogeneiz\u00e1ndose en toda su estructura. Ya\u00a0<\/span>hemos conseguido que el carbono est\u00e9 repartido en todo nuestro acero y\u00a0<\/strong>aprovecharemos este momento en el que el acero esta austenizado para ENDURECELO.<\/b><\/p>\n

El acero comienza la AUSTENIZACI\u00d3N a los 723\u00baC y finaliza su transformaci\u00f3n dependiendo de su porcentaje de carbono. Ya veremos a que temperatura de temple nos interesa llegar al calentar nuestro acero en funci\u00f3n de su porcentaje de carbono. Ya sea mediante una AUSTENIZACION COMPLETA o una AUSTENIZAC\u00d3N INCOMPLETA.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

La AUSTENITA no es estable a temperatura ambiente, cuando se enfr\u00eda lentamente vuelve a convertirse en hierro alfa, bajando de nuevo la solubilidad del carbono en el hierro.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>(Aunque existen aceros con contenidos de cromo (Cr) y n\u00edquel (Ni) que s\u00ed mantienen la estructura austen\u00edtica a temperatura ambiente).<\/p>\n

Dependiendo de la velocidad a la que enfriemos la AUSTENITA, podemos conseguir diferentes microestructuras como\u00a0<\/span>PERLITA\u00a0<\/span>(Velocidad lenta con difusi\u00f3n de \u00e1tomos), BAINITA (Velocidad moderada con difusi\u00f3n de \u00e1tomos),\u00a0<\/span>MARTENISTA\u00a0<\/span>(Velocidad r\u00e1pida sin difusi\u00f3n de \u00e1tomos)\u2026 que ya os iremos contando.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/h1>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La AUSTENITA admite Carbono hasta que quedan ocupadas todas las posibles posiciones en el centro de las aristas y tambi\u00e9n en el centro de la celda elemental, alcanzando 4 \u00e1tomos de C por celda elemental con un porcentaje de carbono en peso de hasta 2,11%. Aqu\u00ed puede estar la raz\u00f3n por la que acotamos a los aceros hasta un 2.11% de carbono y con mas carbono comienzan las fundiciones.<\/span>
Si adem\u00e1s de C existen otros \u00e1tomos de otros elementos \u2013 por ejemplo Cr, V, W, Si \u2013 en soluci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida, se distorsiona su red la estructura cristalina y la solubilidad m\u00e1xima del carbono resultar\u00eda ser inferior a 2,11%.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u00bfQuieres saber por que forjamos el acero cuando est\u00e1 AUSTENIZADO?
\no \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 AUSTENIZAMOS para templar?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2972,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[34,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pagina-principal-blog","category-microconstituyentes-del-acero"],"yoast_head":"\nAUSTENITA - Laboratorio de Forja<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AUSTENITA - Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfQuieres saber por que forjamos el acero cuando est\u00e1 AUSTENIZADO? o \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 AUSTENIZAMOS para templar?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-22T17:10:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T11:02:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/austenita1-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Laboratorio de Forja\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d9c66685e43add2263ef7f8326aaac7c\"},\"headline\":\"AUSTENITA\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-22T17:10:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-18T11:02:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/\"},\"wordCount\":837,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/austenita1-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\",\"Microconstituyentes del Acero\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/austenita\/\",\"name\":\"AUSTENITA - 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