{"id":4377,"date":"2023-12-27T20:51:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-27T19:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/?p=4377"},"modified":"2025-02-18T12:24:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T11:24:05","slug":"vkcvexh12rilheuhge9vsq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/vkcvexh12rilheuhge9vsq\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQU\u00c9 ES EL ACERO TEMPLADO? \u00a1NUEVO!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/20161206_1213311.png&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; title_text=&#8221;20161206_1213311&#8243;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5vh||5vh||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;c16985e1-e0d6-4022-964d-e2bfc04fa633&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Abel|700|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#E02B20&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;26px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;42px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; text_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; text_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; header_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>BLOG <span style=\"color: #ffff00;\">PREMIUM<\/span> DEL LABORATORIO DE FORJA<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;c16985e1-e0d6-4022-964d-e2bfc04fa633&#8243; text_text_color=&#8221;#E02B20&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;48px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|800|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;33px&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; text_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; text_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; header_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;70px||70px||true|&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">\u00bfQUE ES EL ACERO TEMPLADO?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span>Llamamos \u00abACERO TEMPLADO\u00bb al\u00a0<\/span><strong>acero que le hemos realizado un tratamiento t\u00e9rmico de endurecimiento, mejorando las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas de nuestras herramientas, aumentando la\u00a0resistencia mec\u00e1nica y dureza, pero tambi\u00e9n su fragilidad.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\">ON EL MICROSCOPIO:<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/20161206_1213311.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Solubilidad hierro Inserci\u00f3n Sustituci\u00f3n&#8221; title_text=&#8221;20161206_1213311&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Ya hemos comentado la<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>importancia de la\u00a0<\/strong><span><b>austenizaci\u00f3n<\/b>\u00a0<\/span>en los tratamientos t\u00e9rmicos. Ahora vamos a ver\u00a0como vamos a aprovechar ese cambio de la microestructura\u00a0del acero con la temperatura (material alotr\u00f3pico)<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>en el cual todos los \u00e1tomos de carbono est\u00e1n repartidos y solubilizados en toda la estructura de<span>\u00a0<\/span>AUSTENITA.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Si calentamos un acero por encima de su punto de austenizaci\u00f3n, donde la estructura cristalina que ten\u00eda a temperatura ambiente se modifica, formando cristales s\u00f3lo de<span> <strong>AUSTENITA<\/strong><\/span>, y lo<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>enfriamos lentamente, la AUSTENITA se transforma en otras estructuras como la<span>\u00a0<\/span>PERLITA\u00a0y\u00a0\u00a0CEMENTITA\u00a0o\u00a0FERRITA<\/strong>\u00a0dependiendo de su porcentaje de Carbono.<\/p>\n<p>Pero si calentamos una barra de acero de peque\u00f1o espesor a la temperatura de austenizaci\u00f3n, asegur\u00e1ndonos su completa austenizaci\u00f3n y lo<span>\u00a0<\/span><b>enfriamos r\u00e1pidamente\u00a0en agua, los cristales de austenita no tienen tiempo de transformarse en PERLITA, ni CEMENTITA, ni FERRITA\u2026 obteniendo una nueva estructura en forma de agujas\u00a0denominada<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0<\/span>MARTENSITA, y en algunos casos con cristales de AUSTENITA retenida que no le ha dado tiempo a transformarse.<\/p>\n<p>La<span> MARTENSITA<\/span>\u00a0es el constituyente t\u00edpico de \u00a0los aceros templados.<\/p>\n<p>Si la<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>barra es de mayor espesor,<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>la austenizamos y la enfriamos igualmente r\u00e1pidamente, aparecer\u00e1n de la periferia al centro los constituyentes t\u00edpicos de los acero templados, como son la martensita y la austenita, pero al<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>enfriarse m\u00e1s lentamente el n\u00facleo aparecen tambi\u00e9n otras estructuras mas blandas similares a la PERLITA.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/img_20161213_200553.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;img_20161213_200553&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.23&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em><b>Representaci\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica de barras de la misma composici\u00f3n templadas en agua. En la barra de 10 mm podemos observar que el temple ha llegado hasta el n\u00facleo. En cambio en las barras de mayor di\u00e1metro no han templado m\u00e1s que en la periferia o zona externa.<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<p>No en todos los casos nos interesa austenizar completamente el acero. Ya lo estudiaremos en el Diagrama Hierro-Carbono, pero para los aceros hipereut\u00e9cticos (aceros con m\u00e1s de 0.77% de Carbono) que est\u00e1n compuestos por PERLITA y CEMENTITA, nos podr\u00e1 interesar calentar a temperatura por debajo de la austenizaci\u00f3n completa, de esta manera tendr\u00edamos AUSTENITA m\u00e1s parte de la CEMENTITA que todav\u00eda no se ha transformado en AUSTENITA. De tal modo que al enfriar r\u00e1pidamente conseguimos una estructura Martens\u00edtica con n\u00f3dulos de CEMENTITA que nos aportan a\u00fan mas dureza, pero menos tenacidad.<\/p>\n<p>Debido a la fragilidad del Acero Templado y a las tensiones internas producidas por los cambios de volumen de la estructura martens\u00edtica, se debe realizar inmediatamente despu\u00e9s del temple un tratamiento t\u00e9rmico de REVENIDO. El acero templado es muy fr\u00e1gil y tiene muchas tensiones internas que hay que reducir mediante un calentamiento a mas baja temperatura.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo convertimos un acero blando en un acero duro?<br \/>\nLlamamos \u00abACERO TEMPLADO\u00bb al\u00a0acero que le hemos realizado un tratamiento t\u00e9rmico de endurecimiento, mejorando las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas de nuestras herramientas, aumentando la\u00a0resistencia mec\u00e1nica y dureza, pero tambi\u00e9n su fragilidad<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><strong>Conocer los materiales con los que trabajamos es de gran importancia cuando los forjamos, conformamos o los mecanizamos. Pero aun es mas importante cuando queremos modificar sus propiedades mec\u00e1nicas. \u00a0Mediante los tratamientos t\u00e9rmicos conseguiremos convertir un material blando y ductil en otro lo suficientemente duro como para una herramienta de corte.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align:left;\">CON EL MICROSCOPIO:<\/h1>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">Comenzamos contando de que manera se ordenan los \u00e1tomos de hierro formando una estructura cristalina. Es interesante saber que el hierro cambia su estructura con la temperatura. Esta caracteristica la aprovecharemos para poder modificar sus propiedades mec\u00e1nicas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/estructuras-cristalinas-del-hierro\/\">ESTRUCTURAS CRISTALINAS DEL HIERRO:<\/a><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/estructuras-cristalinas-del-hierro\/\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-512\" src=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/07\/img_20160727_214715.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_20160727_214715\" width=\"3287\" height=\"1879\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">Ahora vamos a intentar entender donde se encuentran los \u00e1tomos de los elementos de aleaci\u00f3n que tiene nuestro acero (Carbono, Molibdeno, Manganeso, Vanadio, Cromo...)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/solubilidad-del-hierro\/\">SOLUBILIDAD\u00a0DEL HIERRO:<\/a><\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/solubilidad-del-hierro\/\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-658 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/solucion-solida-sustitucion-e-insercic3b3n.jpg\" alt=\"Solucion solida Sustitucion e inserci\u00f3n\" width=\"4160\" height=\"3120\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h2><\/h2>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h1>COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES DEL ACERO:<\/h1>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">Es interesante saber que microconstituyentes tiene el acero dependiendo del porcentaje de carbono y cuales son sus propiedades mec\u00e1nicas. Os contamos principalmente que es la Ferrita, Austenita, Cementita y Perlita.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/ferrita\/\">FERRITA:<\/a><\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/ferrita\/\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-764\" src=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ferrita1.jpg\" alt=\"ferrita\" width=\"4160\" height=\"3120\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/austenita\/\">AUSTENITA:<\/a><\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/austenita\/\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-753\" src=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/austenita1.jpg\" alt=\"austenita\" width=\"3968\" height=\"2646\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/cementita\/\">CEMENTITA:<\/a><\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/cementita\/\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-758\" src=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/cementita.jpg\" alt=\"cementita\" width=\"4160\" height=\"3120\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/perlita\/\">PERLITA:<\/a><\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja2.wordpress.com\/perlita\/\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-766\" src=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/perlita.jpg\" alt=\"perlita\" width=\"4160\" height=\"3120\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[42,37,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psdnykpqdvvauxghmdjmqa","category-novngsyisbyd6ttcyxs4tq","category-oxn-huyiikt5j-jvwaze4a"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQU\u00c9 ES EL ACERO TEMPLADO? \u00a1NUEVO! - Laboratorio de Forja<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, nofollow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00bfQU\u00c9 ES EL ACERO TEMPLADO? \u00a1NUEVO! - Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfC\u00f3mo convertimos un acero blando en un acero duro? Llamamos \u00abACERO TEMPLADO\u00bb al\u00a0acero que le hemos realizado un tratamiento t\u00e9rmico de endurecimiento, mejorando las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas de nuestras herramientas, aumentando la\u00a0resistencia mec\u00e1nica y dureza, pero tambi\u00e9n su fragilidad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/vkcvexh12rilheuhge9vsq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-27T19:51:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T11:24:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/20161206_131031.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1008\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"573\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Laboratorio de Forja\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/vkcvexh12rilheuhge9vsq\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/vkcvexh12rilheuhge9vsq\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Laboratorio de Forja\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/laboratoriodeforja.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d9c66685e43add2263ef7f8326aaac7c\"},\"headline\":\"\u00bfQU\u00c9 ES EL ACERO TEMPLADO? 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